Name a set of ergonomic risk factors contributing to musculoskeletal disorders.

• A. Repetition, forceful exertion, awkward posture, and static positions
• B. Lifting heavy loads only
• C. Bright lighting and ergonomic chairs
• D. Noise and vibration

Answer: (A)

Repetition, forceful exertion, awkward postures, and static loading are classic ergonomic risk factors that contribute to musculoskeletal disorders. Repetition causes cumulative strain on tendons and muscles; forceful exertion increases joint and muscle stress; awkward postures push joints into nonneutral angles, raising tissue load; static positions keep muscles contracted and joints fixed, leading to fatigue and local damage over time. This combination covers the most well-supported risk factors workers encounter. Lifting heavy loads alone is only one aspect and doesn’t capture the whole picture; bright lighting and ergonomic chairs are mitigations or positive factors, not risk factors; noise and vibration can contribute in some contexts but aren’t the core set for MSDs.